One page Handout for Legacy Users group talk Thursday July 1, 2010 1 p.m. Mission oaks

(followed by 4 page handout Genetic Genealogy  Tuesday, April 13, 2010 10-noon Calaveras Genealogical Society)

www.familytreedna.com  www./rader.org  13-Jun-10

 the handouts for my DNA lecture http://rader.org/DNA_handout.htm

Family Finder - Chromosome Browser

1.     What is the probability that my relative and I share enough DNA to be detected by Family Finder? If you are related within five generations (3^rd or more recent cousins) then Family Finder is almost sure to detect your relationship. Testing will also detect many 4^th and 5^th cousins and a small percentage of more distant cousins.  Chances of finding a match if the relationship is:

Genetic Genealogy  Tuesday, April 13, 2010 10-noon.

Calaveras Genealogical Society

Calaveras County Library , Government Center, San Andreas,

Presented by Jim Rader  jim@rader.org www.rader.org

1.    Y-DNA Tests

Y-DNA testing for genealogy. People get excited about it because it is in fact quite useful. People do NOT use haplogroups to find relatives. They use the number of STR matches.

FTDNATiP™ Report  Family Tree DNA Time Predictor*

My line is the R1b1b2a1b3  the three of us match exactly all the way out to 37 markers. 

37/37 Your perfect match means you share a common male ancestor with a person who shares your surname (or variant). Your relatedness is extremely. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in Western Europe.

2.  I Have the Results of My Genetic Genealogy Test, Now What?

 http://www.thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/InterpretingTheResultsofGeneticGenealogyTests.PDF

Women get two X chromosomes –

 one from dad and one from mom Men  get one X chromosome – from their mom who got it either from her mom or her dad

3.  The map shows the prehistoric migration path of Casper Rader’s ancestors nationalgeographic.com/genographic

How Do I Interpret My mtDNA Results? . mtDNA is for  Anthropological significance  beyond Genealogical time frame

4. How Do I Learn More About My Y-DNA Haplogroup?

www.isogg.org/tree/index.html  or www.kerchner.com/haplogroups-ydna.htm

5. Does Anyone Match My Y-DNA Haplotype?

www.ysearch.org ,  Ybase  www.ybase.org , www.smgf.org/ychromosome/search.jspx

Search by Surname  www.ysearch.org

6. Should I Join a Surname or Geographic DNA Project?

How do I FIND a DNA Project?

1. World Families  www.worldfamilies.net/search/contentsearch

2. DNA Heritage  www.dnaheritage.com/surnameprojects.asp  

3. Family Tree DNA www.familytreedna.com/searchtips.html  

7. Monitoring The Field Of Genetic Genealogy

The Rootsweb mailing list GENEALOGY-DNA <lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html>,

The DNA-NEWBIE group <groups.yahoo.com/group/DNA-NEWBIE>

The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG  www.isogg.org )

The Journal of Genetic Genealogy (JoGG  www.jogg.info )

Blogs  www.thegeneticgenealogist.com

AFTER TESTING - What do results mean?

·                Video - Genetic Genealogy in the eyes of our customers

·                http://www.familytreedna.com/audio-video.aspx

·                Blair DNA Project  http://blairdna.com/dna101.html

·                Kerchner DNA Testing -http://www.kerchner.com/dna-information.htm

·                L.David Roper Report - http://www.roperld.com/ycomparison.htm

http://scienceblogs.com/geneticfuture/    http://thednaexchange.com/

8. Bennett greenspan July 2009 

  FTDNA recently announced that you had now processed over a half million samples for either Y tests or mtDNA tests, which is an amazing number the curious have already tested…now it’s going to be a little more difficult since the early adaptors have already tested--so the resistance level is going to be a bit higher in the future.   You have recently put a lot of resources into automating the lab in Houston  The Houston lab is one of the most advanced labs in the country.  From an automation standpoint we are probably equal to the very best.  For many of our processes, we operate in a humanless environment, which makes us faster and less prone to the types of errors tat plague work where humans are involved.  One example of this is the automated storage device, which retrieves our samples without human intervention.  This automatic SHOULD allow us to turn around Deep Clade tests in two weeks (providing the sample is already in Houston).

9.  a different approach

STRs (Single Tandem Repeat), not

SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism).

STRs are an older, less comprehensive test for genetic ancestry.

–     Pathway Genomics  http://www.pathway.com/more_info/ancestry_test

–     23andMe, https://www.23andme.com/

–     Navigenics, http://www.navigenics.com/

–     deCODEme

For a cash fee (ranging from $400 to $1000, but dropping with regularity) you get a kit to send in a DNA sample. They can’t sequence your genome for that amount today, but they can read around 600,000 “single-nucleotide polymorphisms” (SNPs) which are single-letter locations in the genome that are known to vary among different people, and the subject of various about how their own DNA predicted their risk for a variety of different diseases and traits. The result is a collection of information — some of which will just make you worry (or breathe more easily) and some of which is actually useful.

However, recently they added a new feature called “Relative Finder.” With Relative Finder, they will compare your DNA with all the other customers, and see if they can find long identical stretches which are very likely to have come from a common ancestor. The more of this they find, the more closely related two people are.  Relative Finder shows you a display listing all the people you are related to in their database, and for some people, it turns out to be a lot.

One thing that is common from people reporting 23andMe cousins is they do not have too much luck finding the common ancestor. Did you find them?

23AndMe’s database is only about 35,000, and probably has somewhat of a silicon valley skew.

10.  some of those privacy questions, and the coming (in just a few years) exposure of almost all deep family secrets (adoptions, sperm donations, and children-by-infidelity). And I’ll wonder if anything can be done about it, because it seems difficult to imagine what.

“Family Finder” Bruce Walsh. PhD Population Geneticist

      Bruce Walsh is FamilyTreeDNAs Chief Population Geneticist and member of the Scientific Advisory Board.  An expert on population genetics and statistical applications in genetics and co-author of one of the leading texts in this area, Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits, Lynch and Walsh, 1997, Dr. Walsh served on the editorial boards of the journals Genetics; Genetical Research; Theoretical Population Biology; Evolution and The American Naturalist. He received his PhD in Genetics from the University of Washington.

     What is the math behind family finder. Each time you go under meiosis, that is passing your DNA off to an offspring you shuffle about half the information. We use that figure about shuffling half the information to look at the amount of DNA shared and in predict if you are a close relative. Once you get to second or third cousins when the amount of DNA you share is quite small but the DNA you do share is typically a large block. So for more distant relatives we look at the size of the block because that's a more precise estimate of how deep ancestry is.  So we basically look at the two pieces how much total DNA you share and then what's the largest block size you share.  The total DNA is good for close relatives and the largest block size is good for more distant relatives.

     We try to do the science very carefully. We try to give you information that we can back up if we were published in professional journals. We're not going to tell you the you had an ancestor who was alive and 1794, we will be able to tell you have ancestor who was alive four to five generations ago. We try to be very precise about that and let you know about the imprecision in the estimates.  This allows you to know when to search

     Example of how to use family finder, suppose your a female and suppose you know the surname of your great-grandfather and you try to fill in your pedigree. Well the problem is you don't have a Y. chromosome. You do have the female DNA which will give you some hints on that one grandmother on the far side of your chart.  With the new tools following autosomal DNA we can measure all 22 chromosomes which will allow you to fill in the center part of your pedigree chart

      Two individuals have very little in common on their DNA and have no common surname but they do share a large chunk of DNA on one chromosome.  That's an indicator that there's deep ancestry probably about fourth to sixth cousins.  With this tool you may pick up some deep relatives you weren't aware of

     Adoptees   if you are a adoptees and you don't know your parents and you don't know your close relatives it gives you a lot of information about finding very close relatives.  The mitochondria and Y-DNA are designed to help you find intermediate relatives.  As an adoptee you may not care about your more distant relatives as much as your close relatives and the autosomal information is very precise at finding that

The advantage of the Y. is you get a tighter estimate of when that ancestry was that's its strength the disadvantages you're stuck to that one linneage. Family finder allows you to track the relatives that your Y. and mtDNA do not.  But Y and mtDNA allow you to trace back with much more precision .  The three tests are all quite complementary

Comment from a testee

     As I have mentioned once before on this board, my interest in DNA is genealogical, not medical. But 23andME had a sale a year or so ago and I submitted a sample. Then this Christmas I took advantage of deCODEme's offer to import my 23andME data for free.

     I have been frustrated and disappointed in the response from participants in 23andME's Relative Finder who express a willingness to share genealogical   data and then do not. Some of that has to do with how much data I've accumulated  over at least thirty years. I can print out full ancestry for seven generations  with sources before I start developing dead ends. I tend to forget that others  haven't been at it that long and don't have that kind of data to share.

      However, a few days ago I got this message from a Norwegian participant in both 23andME and deCODEme:

     "According to the advanced ancestry labs you share a 6cM HIR segment with my mother on chr.5. I think 23andme use a low threshold of 7cM for RF so this  match won't show up in Relative Finder."

     I shared a twelve generation ahnentafel with him and got a message back which identified four ancestors whom we have in common for whom he can provide   additional information. Obviously, I am both pleased and appreciative.

familytreeDNA starts  www.dnatraits.com

        http://www.genetree.com/people/471700/home   only 12 markers ! (BYU – Sorensen)

                https://www.decodeme.com/your-results share your 23andme results

www.23andme.com  test indiacates that I am Paternal Haplogroup:R1b1b2a1a2c  a subgroup of R1b1b2 Populations: Irish, Basques, British, French

https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/index.html   Too much diversity to have a specific DNA for and indegineous group